弹性盒子(Flex)
利用一整套响应式 flexbox 实用工具,快速管理网格列、导航、组件等的布局、对齐和大小。对于更复杂的实施,可能需要自定义 CSS。
启用弹性(flex)行为
应用 display 工具创建一个 flexbox 容器,并将 直接子元素 转换为 flex 项目。通过附加的 flex 属性,可以进一步修改 flex 容器和项目。
<div class="d-flex p-2">I'm a flexbox container!</div><div class="d-inline-flex p-2">I'm an inline flexbox container!</div>.d-flex 和 .d-inline-flex 也有响应式变体。
.d-flex.d-inline-flex.d-sm-flex.d-sm-inline-flex.d-md-flex.d-md-inline-flex.d-lg-flex.d-lg-inline-flex.d-xl-flex.d-xl-inline-flex.d-xxl-flex.d-xxl-inline-flex
方向
使用方向工具设置柔性容器中柔性项的方向。在大多数情况下,您可以省略此处的水平类,因为浏览器默认为 row。但是,您可能会遇到需要明确设置该值的情况(如响应式布局)。
使用 .flex-row 设置水平方向(浏览器默认),或使用 .flex-row-reverse 从反面开始水平方向。
<div class="d-flex flex-row mb-3">
<div class="p-2">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex flex-row-reverse">
<div class="p-2">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 3</div>
</div>使用 .flex-column 设置垂直方向,或使用 .flex-column-reverse 从反面开始垂直方向。
<div class="d-flex flex-column mb-3">
<div class="p-2">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex flex-column-reverse">
<div class="p-2">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item 3</div>
</div>对于 flex-direction,也存在响应式变体。
.flex-row.flex-row-reverse.flex-column.flex-column-reverse.flex-sm-row.flex-sm-row-reverse.flex-sm-column.flex-sm-column-reverse.flex-md-row.flex-md-row-reverse.flex-md-column.flex-md-column-reverse.flex-lg-row.flex-lg-row-reverse.flex-lg-column.flex-lg-column-reverse.flex-xl-row.flex-xl-row-reverse.flex-xl-column.flex-xl-column-reverse.flex-xxl-row.flex-xxl-row-reverse.flex-xxl-column.flex-xxl-column-reverse
Justify content
在 flexbox 容器上使用 justify-content 实用程序可更改主轴上的 flex 项目的对齐方式(以 x 轴为起点,如果 flex-direction: column 则以 y 轴为起点)。可选择 start(浏览器默认)、end、center、between、around 或 evenly。
<div class="d-flex justify-content-start">...</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-end">...</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-center">...</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-between">...</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-around">...</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-evenly">...</div>
justify-content 也有响应式变体。
.justify-content-start.justify-content-end.justify-content-center.justify-content-between.justify-content-around.justify-content-evenly.justify-content-sm-start.justify-content-sm-end.justify-content-sm-center.justify-content-sm-between.justify-content-sm-around.justify-content-sm-evenly.justify-content-md-start.justify-content-md-end.justify-content-md-center.justify-content-md-between.justify-content-md-around.justify-content-md-evenly.justify-content-lg-start.justify-content-lg-end.justify-content-lg-center.justify-content-lg-between.justify-content-lg-around.justify-content-lg-evenly.justify-content-xl-start.justify-content-xl-end.justify-content-xl-center.justify-content-xl-between.justify-content-xl-around.justify-content-xl-evenly.justify-content-xxl-start.justify-content-xxl-end.justify-content-xxl-center.justify-content-xxl-between.justify-content-xxl-around.justify-content-xxl-evenly
对齐项目
在 flexbox 容器上使用 align-items 工具,可更改 flex 项目在横轴上的对齐方式(从 y 轴开始,如果 flex-direction: column 则从 x 轴开始)。可从 start、end、center、baseline 或 stretch(浏览器默认值)中选择。
<div class="d-flex align-items-start">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-items-end">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-items-center">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-items-baseline">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-items-stretch">...</div>
对于align-items,也存在响应式变体。
.align-items-start.align-items-end.align-items-center.align-items-baseline.align-items-stretch.align-items-sm-start.align-items-sm-end.align-items-sm-center.align-items-sm-baseline.align-items-sm-stretch.align-items-md-start.align-items-md-end.align-items-md-center.align-items-md-baseline.align-items-md-stretch.align-items-lg-start.align-items-lg-end.align-items-lg-center.align-items-lg-baseline.align-items-lg-stretch.align-items-xl-start.align-items-xl-end.align-items-xl-center.align-items-xl-baseline.align-items-xl-stretch.align-items-xxl-start.align-items-xxl-end.align-items-xxl-center.align-items-xxl-baseline.align-items-xxl-stretch
对齐自己
在 flexbox 项目上使用 align-self 工具,可单独更改它们在横轴上的对齐方式(从 y 轴开始,如果 flex-direction: column 则从 x 轴开始)。可从与 align-items 相同的选项中选择:start, end, center, baseline 或 stretch(浏览器默认)。
<div class="align-self-start">Aligned flex item</div>
<div class="align-self-end">Aligned flex item</div>
<div class="align-self-center">Aligned flex item</div>
<div class="align-self-baseline">Aligned flex item</div>
<div class="align-self-stretch">Aligned flex item</div>
对于 align-self,也存在响应式变体。
.align-self-start.align-self-end.align-self-center.align-self-baseline.align-self-stretch.align-self-sm-start.align-self-sm-end.align-self-sm-center.align-self-sm-baseline.align-self-sm-stretch.align-self-md-start.align-self-md-end.align-self-md-center.align-self-md-baseline.align-self-md-stretch.align-self-lg-start.align-self-lg-end.align-self-lg-center.align-self-lg-baseline.align-self-lg-stretch.align-self-xl-start.align-self-xl-end.align-self-xl-center.align-self-xl-baseline.align-self-xl-stretch.align-self-xxl-start.align-self-xxl-end.align-self-xxl-center.align-self-xxl-baseline.align-self-xxl-stretch
Fill
在一系列同级元素上使用.flex-fill类,可将它们强制调整为与其内容相等的宽度(或者,如果其内容未超出边框框,则宽度相等),同时占用所有可用的水平空间。
<div class="d-flex">
<div class="p-2 flex-fill">Flex item with a lot of content</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-fill">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-fill">Flex item</div>
</div>对于 flex-fill,也存在响应式变体。
.flex-fill.flex-sm-fill.flex-md-fill.flex-lg-fill.flex-xl-fill.flex-xxl-fill
Grow and shrink
使用 .flex-grow-* 工具可切换柔性项的增长能力,以填充可用空间。在下面的示例中,.flex-grow-1 元素会使用所有可用空间,同时为其余两个柔性项留出必要的空间。
<div class="d-flex">
<div class="p-2 flex-grow-1">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Third flex item</div>
</div>使用 .flex-shrink-* 工具可在必要时切换柔性项的收缩能力。在下面的示例中,使用 .flex-shrink-1的第二个柔性项会被强制将其内容换行,“缩小”以便为使用 .w-100的前一个柔性项留出更多空间。
<div class="d-flex">
<div class="p-2 w-100">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-shrink-1">Flex item</div>
</div>此外,flex-grow 和 flex-shrink 也有相应的变体。
.flex-{grow|shrink}-0.flex-{grow|shrink}-1.flex-sm-{grow|shrink}-0.flex-sm-{grow|shrink}-1.flex-md-{grow|shrink}-0.flex-md-{grow|shrink}-1.flex-lg-{grow|shrink}-0.flex-lg-{grow|shrink}-1.flex-xl-{grow|shrink}-0.flex-xl-{grow|shrink}-1.flex-xxl-{grow|shrink}-0.flex-xxl-{grow|shrink}-1
自动边距
如果将柔性对齐方式与自动页边距相结合,Flexbox 就能做出一些非常棒的事情。以下是通过自动页边距控制柔性项的三个示例:默认(无自动页边距)、将两个项向右推(.me-auto)和将两个项向左推(.ms-auto)。
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="me-auto p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="ms-auto p-2">Flex item</div>
</div>使用对齐项目
通过混合使用 align-items, flex-direction: column 和 margin-top: auto 或 margin-bottom: auto,将一个柔性项垂直移动到容器的顶部或底部。
<div class="d-flex align-items-start flex-column mb-3" style="height: 200px;">
<div class="mb-auto p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex align-items-end flex-column mb-3" style="height: 200px;">
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="p-2">Flex item</div>
<div class="mt-auto p-2">Flex item</div>
</div>Wrap
改变 flex 项目在 flex 容器中的包装方式。您可以使用 .flex-nowrap、.flex-wrap 或 .flex-wrap-reverse选择完全不包边(浏览器默认值)、包边或反向包边。
<div class="d-flex flex-nowrap">
...
</div>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap">
...
</div>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap-reverse">
...
</div>
对于 flex-wrap,也存在响应式变体。
.flex-nowrap.flex-wrap.flex-wrap-reverse.flex-sm-nowrap.flex-sm-wrap.flex-sm-wrap-reverse.flex-md-nowrap.flex-md-wrap.flex-md-wrap-reverse.flex-lg-nowrap.flex-lg-wrap.flex-lg-wrap-reverse.flex-xl-nowrap.flex-xl-wrap.flex-xl-wrap-reverse.flex-xxl-nowrap.flex-xxl-wrap.flex-xxl-wrap-reverse
订单
使用少量 order 实用程序更改特定柔性项的_视觉_顺序。我们只提供了将项目设为第一或最后的选项,以及重置为使用 DOM 排序的选项。由于 order 取值范围为 0 至 5 之间的任意整数,因此可根据需要为任何其他值添加自定义 CSS。
<div class="d-flex flex-nowrap">
<div class="order-3 p-2">First flex item</div>
<div class="order-2 p-2">Second flex item</div>
<div class="order-1 p-2">Third flex item</div>
</div>对于 order,也有响应式变化。
.order-0.order-1.order-2.order-3.order-4.order-5.order-sm-0.order-sm-1.order-sm-2.order-sm-3.order-sm-4.order-sm-5.order-md-0.order-md-1.order-md-2.order-md-3.order-md-4.order-md-5.order-lg-0.order-lg-1.order-lg-2.order-lg-3.order-lg-4.order-lg-5.order-xl-0.order-xl-1.order-xl-2.order-xl-3.order-xl-4.order-xl-5.order-xxl-0.order-xxl-1.order-xxl-2.order-xxl-3.order-xxl-4.order-xxl-5
此外,还有响应式 .order-first 和 .order-last 类,通过应用 order: -1 和 order: 6 来改变元素的 order。
.order-first.order-last.order-sm-first.order-sm-last.order-md-first.order-md-last.order-lg-first.order-lg-last.order-xl-first.order-xl-last.order-xxl-first.order-xxl-last
对齐内容
在 flexbox 容器上使用 align-content(对齐内容)实用程序,可使 flex 项目在横轴上对齐。可从 start(浏览器默认)、end、center、between、around 或 stretch 中选择。为了演示这些实用程序,我们执行了 flex-wrap: wrap 并增加了柔性项的数量。
Heads up! This property has no effect on single rows of flex items.
<div class="d-flex align-content-start flex-wrap">
...
</div>
<div class="d-flex align-content-end flex-wrap">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-content-center flex-wrap">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-content-between flex-wrap">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-content-around flex-wrap">...</div>
<div class="d-flex align-content-stretch flex-wrap">...</div>
align-content 也有响应式变体。
.align-content-start.align-content-end.align-content-center.align-content-between.align-content-around.align-content-stretch.align-content-sm-start.align-content-sm-end.align-content-sm-center.align-content-sm-between.align-content-sm-around.align-content-sm-stretch.align-content-md-start.align-content-md-end.align-content-md-center.align-content-md-between.align-content-md-around.align-content-md-stretch.align-content-lg-start.align-content-lg-end.align-content-lg-center.align-content-lg-between.align-content-lg-around.align-content-lg-stretch.align-content-xl-start.align-content-xl-end.align-content-xl-center.align-content-xl-between.align-content-xl-around.align-content-xl-stretch.align-content-xxl-start.align-content-xxl-end.align-content-xxl-center.align-content-xxl-between.align-content-xxl-around.align-content-xxl-stretch
媒体对象
想要复制 Bootstrap 4 中的 media object component?只需使用几个灵活的实用工具,就能立即重现它,而且比以前更加灵活和个性化。
<div class="d-flex">
<div class="flex-shrink-0">
<img src="..." alt="...">
</div>
<div class="flex-grow-1 ms-3">
This is some content from a media component. You can replace this with any content and adjust it as needed.
</div>
</div>假设您想将内容垂直居中放在图片旁边:
<div class="d-flex align-items-center">
<div class="flex-shrink-0">
<img src="..." alt="...">
</div>
<div class="flex-grow-1 ms-3">
This is some content from a media component. You can replace this with any content and adjust it as needed.
</div>
</div>CSS
Sass utilities API
Flexbox 实用程序在我们的实用程序 API 中声明,位于 scss/_utilities.scss 中。了解如何使用实用程序 API
"flex": (
responsive: true,
property: flex,
values: (fill: 1 1 auto)
),
"flex-direction": (
responsive: true,
property: flex-direction,
class: flex,
values: row column row-reverse column-reverse
),
"flex-grow": (
responsive: true,
property: flex-grow,
class: flex,
values: (
grow-0: 0,
grow-1: 1,
)
),
"flex-shrink": (
responsive: true,
property: flex-shrink,
class: flex,
values: (
shrink-0: 0,
shrink-1: 1,
)
),
"flex-wrap": (
responsive: true,
property: flex-wrap,
class: flex,
values: wrap nowrap wrap-reverse
),
"justify-content": (
responsive: true,
property: justify-content,
values: (
start: flex-start,
end: flex-end,
center: center,
between: space-between,
around: space-around,
evenly: space-evenly,
)
),
"align-items": (
responsive: true,
property: align-items,
values: (
start: flex-start,
end: flex-end,
center: center,
baseline: baseline,
stretch: stretch,
)
),
"align-content": (
responsive: true,
property: align-content,
values: (
start: flex-start,
end: flex-end,
center: center,
between: space-between,
around: space-around,
stretch: stretch,
)
),
"align-self": (
responsive: true,
property: align-self,
values: (
auto: auto,
start: flex-start,
end: flex-end,
center: center,
baseline: baseline,
stretch: stretch,
)
),
"order": (
responsive: true,
property: order,
values: (
first: -1,
0: 0,
1: 1,
2: 2,
3: 3,
4: 4,
5: 5,
last: 6,
),
),