从 PHP 8.1.0 开始引入 first class 可调用语法，作为从 callable 创建匿名函数的一种方法。其取代了使用字符串和数组的现有 callable 语法。这种语法的优点是可以进行静态分析，并使用获得可调用对象的作用域。
CallableExpr(...) 语法用于从可调用对象创建 Closure。CallableExpr 接受任何可以在 PHP 语法中直接调用的表达式：
示例 #1 简单的 first class 可调用语法
<?php
class Foo {
public function method() {}
public static function staticmethod() {}
public function __invoke() {}
}
$obj = new Foo();
$classStr = 'Foo';
$methodStr = 'method';
$staticmethodStr = 'staticmethod';
$f1 = strlen(...);
$f2 = $obj(...); // 可调用对象
$f3 = $obj->method(...);
$f4 = $obj->$methodStr(...);
$f5 = Foo::staticmethod(...);
$f6 = $classStr::$staticmethodStr(...);
// traditional callable using string, array
$f7 = 'strlen'(...);
$f8 = [$obj, 'method'](...);
$f9 = [Foo::class, 'staticmethod'](...);
?>注意:
...是语法的一部分，不是遗漏。
CallableExpr(...) has the same semantics as Closure::fromCallable().
That is, unlike callable using strings and arrays, CallableExpr(...) respects the scope at the point where it is created:
示例 #2 Scope comparison of CallableExpr(...) and traditional callable
<?php
class Foo {
public function getPrivateMethod() {
return [$this, 'privateMethod'];
}
private function privateMethod() {
echo __METHOD__, "\n";
}
}
$foo = new Foo;
$privateMethod = $foo->getPrivateMethod();
$privateMethod();
// Fatal error: Call to private method Foo::privateMethod() from global scope
// This is because call is performed outside from Foo and visibility will be checked from this point.
class Foo1 {
public function getPrivateMethod() {
// Uses the scope where the callable is acquired.
return $this->privateMethod(...); // identical to Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'privateMethod']);
}
private function privateMethod() {
echo __METHOD__, "\n";
}
}
$foo1 = new Foo1;
$privateMethod = $foo1->getPrivateMethod();
$privateMethod(); // Foo1::privateMethod
?>注意:
Object creation by this syntax (e.g
new Foo(...)) is not supported, becausenew Foo()syntax is not considered a call.
注意:
The first-class callable syntax cannot be combined with the nullsafe operator. Both of the following result in a compile-time error:
<?php
$obj?->method(...);
$obj?->prop->method(...);
?>