(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PHP 7, PHP 8, PECL pdo >= 0.1.0)
PDOStatement::fetch — 从结果集中获取下一行
$mode
= PDO::FETCH_DEFAULT, int $cursorOrientation
= PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT, int $cursorOffset
= 0): mixed
从一个 PDOStatement 对象相关的结果集中获取下一行。mode
参数决定 POD 如何返回行。
mode
控制下一行如何返回给调用者。此值必须是 PDO::FETCH_*
系列常量中的一个,缺省为 PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE
的值 (默认为 PDO::FETCH_BOTH
)。
PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
:返回一个索引为结果集列名的数组
PDO::FETCH_BOTH
(默认):返回一个索引为结果集列名和以0开始的列号的数组
PDO::FETCH_BOUND
:返回 true
,并分配结果集中的列值给 PDOStatement::bindColumn() 方法绑定的 PHP 变量。
PDO::FETCH_CLASS
:返回一个请求类的新实例,映射结果集中的列名到类中对应的属性名,然后调用构造函数,除非指定
PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE
。如果 mode
包含 PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE(例如:PDO::FETCH_CLASS |
PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE
),则类名由第一列的值决定
PDO::FETCH_INTO
:更新一个被请求类已存在的实例,映射结果集中的列到类中命名的属性
PDO::FETCH_LAZY
:PDO::FETCH_BOTH
和 PDO::FETCH_OBJ
组合使用,返回
PDORow 对象,该对象在访问时创建对象属性名。
PDO::FETCH_NAMED
:返回与 PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
具有相同形式的数组,除了如果有多个同名列,则该键引用的值将是具有该列名的行中所有值的数组
PDO::FETCH_NUM
:返回一个索引为以0开始的结果集列号的数组
PDO::FETCH_OBJ
:返回一个属性名对应结果集列名的匿名对象
PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE
:当与 PDO::FETCH_CLASS
一起使用时,类的构造方法在从相应的列值分配属性之前被调用。
cursorOrientation
对于 一个 PDOStatement 对象表示的可滚动游标,该值决定了哪一行将被返回给调用者。此值必须是 PDO::FETCH_ORI_*
系列常量中的一个,默认为 PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT
。要想让 PDOStatement 对象使用可滚动游标,必须在用 PDO::prepare() 预处理SQL语句时,设置 PDO::ATTR_CURSOR
属性为 PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL
。
cursorOffset
对于一个 cursorOrientation
参数设置为 PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS
的 PDOStatement 对象代表的可滚动游标,此值指定结果集中想要获取行的绝对行号。
对于一个 cursorOrientation
参数设置为 PDO::FETCH_ORI_REL
的 PDOStatement 对象代表的可滚动游标,此值指定想要获取行相对于调用 PDOStatement::fetch() 前游标的位置
此方法成功时返回的值依赖于获取类型。在所有情况下,失败或没有更多记录时都返回 false
。
如果属性 PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE
设置为 PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING
,则发出级别为 E_WARNING
的错误。
如果属性 PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE
设置为 PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
,则抛出 PDOException。
示例 #1 使用不同的提取方式获取行
<?php
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
/* 运用 PDOStatement::fetch 风格 */
print "PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: ";
print "Return next row as an array indexed by column name\n";
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($result);
print "\n";
print "PDO::FETCH_BOTH: ";
print "Return next row as an array indexed by both column name and number\n";
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
print_r($result);
print "\n";
print "PDO::FETCH_LAZY: ";
print "Return next row as a PDORow object with column names as properties\n";
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_LAZY);
print_r($result);
print "\n";
print "PDO::FETCH_OBJ: ";
print "Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties\n";
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
print $result->name;
print "\n";
?>
以上示例会输出:
PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: Return next row as an array indexed by column name Array ( [name] => apple [colour] => red ) PDO::FETCH_BOTH: Return next row as an array indexed by both column name and number Array ( [name] => banana [0] => banana [colour] => yellow [1] => yellow ) PDO::FETCH_LAZY: Return next row as a PDORow object with column names as properties PDORow Object ( [name] => orange [colour] => orange ) PDO::FETCH_OBJ: Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties kiwi
示例 #2 使用一个可滚动游标获取行
<?php
function readDataForwards($dbh) {
$sql = 'SELECT hand, won, bet FROM mynumbers ORDER BY BET';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql, array(PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL));
$stmt->execute();
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT)) {
$data = $row[0] . "\t" . $row[1] . "\t" . $row[2] . "\n";
print $data;
}
}
function readDataBackwards($dbh) {
$sql = 'SELECT hand, won, bet FROM mynumbers ORDER BY bet';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql, array(PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL));
$stmt->execute();
$row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_LAST);
do {
$data = $row[0] . "\t" . $row[1] . "\t" . $row[2] . "\n";
print $data;
} while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_PRIOR));
}
print "Reading forwards:\n";
readDataForwards($conn);
print "Reading backwards:\n";
readDataBackwards($conn);
?>
以上示例会输出:
Reading forwards: 21 10 5 16 0 5 19 20 10 Reading backwards: 19 20 10 16 0 5 21 10 5
示例 #3 构造顺序
当通过 PDO::FETCH_CLASS
获取对象时,首先分配对象属性,然后调用类的构造方法。如果还指定了
PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE
,则此顺序相反,即首先调用构造方法,然后分配属性。
<?php
class Person
{
private $name;
public function __construct()
{
$this->tell();
}
public function tell()
{
if (isset($this->name)) {
echo "I am {$this->name}.\n";
} else {
echo "I don't have a name yet.\n";
}
}
}
$sth = $dbh->query("SELECT * FROM people");
$sth->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'Person');
$person = $sth->fetch();
$person->tell();
$sth->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_CLASS|PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE, 'Person');
$person = $sth->fetch();
$person->tell();
?>
以上示例的输出类似于:
I am Alice. I am Alice. I don't have a name yet. I am Bob.