自学教程Nginx 由配置文件中定义的指令控制的模块组成。指令分为两部分：
- 简单指令：简单指令由名称和参数组成，以空格分隔并以分号 ; 结尾。
- 块指令：块指令的结构类似于简单指令，但它不是以分号结尾，而是以一组用大括号 { 和 } 括起来的附加指令结尾。如果块指令在大括号内包含其他指令，则它被称为上下文 (context)。例如，Events、http、location 和 server。
配置文件中放置在任何上下文之外的指令都被认为是在主上下文中。events 与 http 指令在主上下文中，server 指令在 http 上下文， location 指令在 server 上下文。
让我们看看一些重要指令的列表：
| 指令 | 语法 | 默认配置 | 上下文 |
| absolute_redirect | absolute_redirect on | off; | absolute_redirect on; | http, server, location |
| accept_mutex | accept_mutex on | off; | off | Events |
| accept_mutex_delay | accept_mutex_delay time; | accept_mutex_delay 500ms; | Events |
| access_log (ngx_http_log_module) | access_log path [format [buffer=size] [gzip[=level]] [flush=time] [if=condition]]; access_log off; | access_log logs/access.log combined; | http, server, location, if in location, limit_except |
| access_log (ngx_stream_log_module) | access_log path format [buffer=size] [gzip[=level]] [flush=time] [if=condition]; access_log off; | access_log off; | stream, server |
| add_after_body | add_before_body uri; | - | http, server, location |
| add_before_body | add_before_body uri; | - | http, server, location |
| add_header | add_header name value [always]; | - | http, server, location, if in location |
| add_trailer | add_trailer name value [always]; | - | http, server, location, if in location |
| addition_types | addition_types mime-type ...; | addition_types text/html; | http, server, location |
| aio | aio on | off | threads[=pool]; | aio off; | http, server, location |
| aio_write | aio_write on | off; | aio_write off; | http, server, location |
| alias | alias path; | - | Location |
| allow (ngx_http_access_module) | allow address | CIDR | unix: | all; | - | http, server, location, limit_except |
| allow (ngx_stream_access_module) | allow address | CIDR | unix: | all; | - | Stream, server |
| ancient_browser | ancient_browser string ...; | - | http, server, location |
| ancient_browser_value | ancient_browser_value string; | ancient_browser_value 1; | http, server, location |
| api | api [write=on|off]; | - | location |
| auth_basic | auth_basic string | off; | auth_basic off; | http, server, location, limit_except |
| auth_basic_user_file | auth_basic_user_file file; | - | http, server, location, limit_except |
| auth_http | auth_http URL; | - | mail, server |
| auth_http_header | auth_http_header header value; | - | mail, server |
| auth_http_pass_client_cert | auth_http_pass_client_cert on | off; | auth_http_pass_client_cert off; | mail, server |
| auth_http_timeout | auth_http_timeout time | auth_http_timeout 60s; | mail, server |
| auth_jwt | auth_jwt string [token=$variable] | off; | auth_jwt off; | http, server, location, limit_except |
| auth_jwt_claim_set | auth_jwt_claim_set $variable name ...; | - | http |
| auth_jwt_header_set | auth_jwt_header_set $variable name ...; | - | http |
| auth_jwt_key_file | auth_jwt_key_file file; | - | ttp, server, location, limit_except |
| auth_jwt_key_request |
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