SQL LEFT JOIN 关键字
LEFT JOIN 关键字从左表(table1)返回所有的行,即使右表(table2)中没有匹配。如果右表中没有匹配,则结果为 NULL。
SQL LEFT JOIN 语法
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
或
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
注释:在某些数据库中,LEFT JOIN 称为 LEFT OUTER JOIN。
演示数据库
在本教程中,我们将使用 runoops样本数据库。
下面是选自 “websites” 表的数据:
+----+----------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name | url | alexa | country |
+----+----------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA |
| 2 | Amazon | https://z.cn/ | 2 | USA |
| 3 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 10 | CN |
| 4 | 自学教程 | http://runoops.com/ | 5787 | CN |
| 5 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 18 | CN |
| 6 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 66 | IND |
+----+----------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
下面是 “access_log” 网站访问记录表的数据:
mysql> SELECT * FROM access_log;
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| aid | site_id | count | date |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| 1 | 1 | 45 | 2020-05-10 |
| 2 | 3 | 100 | 2020-05-13 |
| 3 | 1 | 230 | 2020-05-14 |
| 4 | 2 | 10 | 2020-05-14 |
| 5 | 5 | 205 | 2020-05-14 |
| 6 | 4 | 13 | 2020-05-15 |
| 7 | 3 | 220 | 2020-05-15 |
| 8 | 5 | 545 | 2020-05-16 |
| 9 | 3 | 201 | 2020-05-17 |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SQL LEFT JOIN 实例
下面的 SQL 语句将返回所有网站及他们的访问量(如果有的话)。
以下实例中我们把 websites 作为左表,access_log 作为右表:
SELECT websites.name, access_log.count, access_log.date
FROM websites
LEFT JOIN access_log
ON websites.id=access_log.site_id
ORDER BY access_log.count DESC;
执行以上 SQL 输出结果如下:
mysql> SELECT websites.name, access_log.count, access_log.date
-> FROM websites
-> LEFT JOIN access_log
-> ON websites.id=access_log.site_id
-> ORDER BY access_log.count DESC;
+----------------+-------+------------+
| name | count | date |
+----------------+-------+------------+
| 微博 | 545 | 2020-05-16 |
| Goole | 230 | 2020-05-14 |
| 淘宝 | 220 | 2020-05-15 |
| 微博 | 205 | 2020-05-14 |
| 淘宝 | 201 | 2020-05-17 |
| 淘宝 | 100 | 2020-05-13 |
| Goole | 45 | 2020-05-10 |
| 自学教程 | 13 | 2020-05-15 |
| Amazon | 10 | 2020-05-14 |
| stackoverflow | NULL | NULL |
+----------------+-------+------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注释:LEFT JOIN 关键字从左表(websites)返回所有的行,即使右表(access_log)中没有匹配。